Paniksyndrom och panikattacker

Många patienter söker vård för återkommande panikattacker. Här tänkte jag beskriva hur vi kan bedöma och behandla dessa patienter med KBT.

Hur kan vi upptäcka återkommande panikattacker?

Vanliga kännetecken

Vad kännetecknad en panikattack?

Vad är paniksyndrom?

Agorafobi

Förekomst?

Vad vill vi veta i en bedömning?

Sökorsak

Utgå som alltid från patientens sökorsak.

Lite text

  • En punktlista

Vid paniksyndrom är det vanligt med katastroftankar där patienten feltolkar kroppsliga reaktioner och normala känslor som tecken på omedelbar fara eller allvarlig sjukdom. Här är några vanliga exempel:

Rädsla för att dö, exempelvis:

  • Att tro att hjärtklappning är ett tecken på en hjärtinfarkt.
  • Att tolka andnöd eller kvävningskänslor som att man kommer att kvävas.
  • Att känna yrsel eller svaghet och tro att man kommer att få en stroke.
  • Att tro att domningar eller stickningar betyder att blodet inte når kroppsdelarna och att man kommer att ramla eller bli paralyserad.
  • En generell känsla av att något hemskt kommer att hända eller att man kommer att dö utan att specificera hur.
  • Att oroa sig för att nervsystemet ska bli uttröttat och att man ska kollapsa.
  • Att tro att man har haft tur som inte fått en hjärtinfarkt hittills, men att turen snart kan ta slut.

Rädsla för att tappa kontrollen eller bli galen, exempelvis:

  • Att tolka overklighetskänslor eller förvirring som tecken på att man håller på att bli galen eller drabbas av en allvarlig psykisk störning som schizofreni.
  • Att vara rädd för att tappa kontrollen över sina handlingar eller tankar.
  • Att tro att man inte kommer att stå ut med känslorna.
  • Att oroa sig för att få ett nervsammanbrott.

Rädsla för att skämma ut sig eller bli ett åtlöje, exempelvis:

  • Att oroa sig för vad andra ska tycka och tänka om en om man får en panikattack offentligt.
  • Att vara rädd för att skrika, gråta okontrollerat eller göra något pinsamt.

Dessa katastroftankar uppstår ofta automatiskt och snabbt vid kroppsliga symtom eller i vissa situationer som tidigare kopplats till panikattacker. Feltolkningen av kroppens reaktioner som farliga leder till ökad ångest och aktivering av kamp- eller flyktresponsen, vilket i sin tur ger fler fysiska symtom och förstärker den onda cirkeln som leder till en panikattack.

Det är viktigt att komma ihåg att dessa tankar, trots att de känns väldigt verkliga och skrämmande, sällan speglar den objektiva verkligheten . Panikattacker är inte farliga i sig och leder inte till hjärtinfarkt, stroke eller psykos.

Symtom och svårigheter

Ok

Vidmakthållande faktorer

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

Bakomliggande faktorer

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

Vad kan vi göra i en behandling?

Kartläggning och funktionell analys

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

Funktionell analys

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

Psykoedukation

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

Andningsträning och avslappning (vid behov)

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

Kognitiv omstrukturering (vid behov)

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

Introceptiv exponering

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

In-vivo exponering

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

Förslag på behandlingsupplägg

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

By default, this panel is concealed and appears when the user clicks on the section title. Input relevant information about its title using paragraphs or bullet points. Accordions can enhance the user experience when utilized effectively. They allow users to choose what they want to read and disregard the rest. Accordions are often utilized for frequently asked questions (FAQs).

Artikel senast uppdaterad 22 april 2025 av Mattias Myrälf